A digital twin is a virtual model that is intended to mirror a physical object as closely as possible. The object - for example, an internal combustion engine is equipped with various sensors that relate to important functional areas. These sensors generate data from various aspects of the physical object, such as power, speed, temperature, environmental conditions and more. This data is then passed to a processing system and applied to the digital copy.
Once the virtual model has been augmented with such data, it can be used to run simulations, investigate performance issues and perform potential optimizations - which can then be applied back to the original physical object.
An accurate 3D scan can be part of a digital twin.